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Comparison of adverbs

admin — Tue, 31 May 2011 13:45:23 +0000

Die comparison of adverbs in English

There are three forms:

- positive
- comparative
- superlative

A – Comparison with -er/-est

hard – harder – (the) hardest

We use -er/-est with the following adverbs:

1) all adverbs with one syllable

fast	faster	fastest
high	higher	highest

2) The adverb: early

B – Comparison with more – most

carefully – more carefully – (the) most carefully

adverbs ending on -ly (not: early)

C – Irregular adverbs

well	better	best
badly	worse	worst
much	more	most
little	less	least
late	later	last
far	farther further	farthest furthest

ATTENTION!
In informal English some adverbs are used without -ly (e.g. cheap, loud, quick). There are two forms of comparison possible, depending on the form af the adverb:
cheaply – more cheaply – most cheaply
cheap – cheaper – cheapest

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The adverbs in English

admin — Tue, 31 May 2011 13:44:09 +0000

The adverbs in English

Adverbs tell us in what way someone does something. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.

Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing. Adjectives can modify nouns or pronouns.

Adjective	Adverb
Mandy is a careful girl.	Mandy drives carefully.
Mandy is very careful.

Mandy is a careful driver. This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so use the adjective.

Mandy drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the adverb.

Form

Adjective + -ly

Adjective	Adverb
dangerous	dangerously
careful	carefully
nice	nicely
easy	easily
horrible	horribly
electronic	electronically
irregular forms
good	well
fast	fast
hard	hard

Tip: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs.

adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
nouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply

There is no adverb for an andjective ending in -ly.

Types of adverbs

1) Adverbs of manner
quickly
kindly

2) Adverbs of degree
very
rather

3) Adverbs of frequency
often
sometimes

4) Adverbs of time
now
today

5) Adverbs of place
here
nowhere

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Comparison of adjectives

admin — Tue, 31 May 2011 13:39:43 +0000

There are three forms of comparison:

- positive
- comparative
- superlative

A – Comparison with -er/-est

clean – cleaner – (the) cleanest

We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1) adjectives with one syllable

clean	cleaner	cleanest
new	newer	newest
cheap	cheaper	cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

2 – 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

dirty	dirtier	dirtiest
easy	easier	easiest
happy	happier	happiest
pretty	prettier	prettiest

2 – 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever

cleverer

cleverest

2 – 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple

simpler

simplest

2 – 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

narrow

narrower

narrowest

Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

large	larger	largest	leave out the silent -e
big	bigger	biggest	Double the consonant after short vowel
sad	sadder	saddest	Double the consonant after short vowel
dirty	dirtier	dirtiest	Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
shy	shyer	shyest	Here -y is not changed to -i. (although consonant before -y)

B – Comparison with more – most

difficult – more difficult – (the) most difficult

all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables – see
2 – 1 to 2 – 4)

C – Irregular adjectives

good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
much	more	most	uncountable nouns
many	more	most	countable nouns
little	less	least
little	smaller	smallest

D – Special adjectives

Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison.

common	commoner / more common	commonest / most common
likely	likelier / more likely	likeliest / most likely
pleasant	pleasanter / more pleasant	pleasantest / most pleasant
polite	politer / more polite	politest / most polite
simple	simpler / more simple	simplest / most simple
stupid	stupider / more stupid	stupidest / most stupid
subtle	subtler / more subtle	subtlest
sure	surer / more sure	surest / most sure

Difference in meaning with adjectives:

far	farther	farthest	distance
far	further	furthest	distance or time
late	later	latest
	latter	x
	x	last
old	older	oldest	people and things
old	elder	eldest	people (family)
near	nearer	nearest	distance
near	x	next	order

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Introduction to English Grammar

admin — Tue, 06 Jan 2009 06:33:51 +0000

Welcome to English Grammar for ESL learners. Many of these grammar lessons also have quizzes to check your understanding.

grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology.

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